What does cannabis research say about migraine? We've analyzed 2 peer-reviewed studies to give you an honest, evidence-based overview.
Some clinical evidence supports potential benefits.
Study found evidence of effectiveness
* Outcomes are based on our curated selection of research reviews. Individual study quality varies.
About This Research Summary: The information below aggregates findings from multiple peer-reviewed studies on cannabis and migraine. This is for educational purposes only.
Research summaries are our interpretations of published studies. Individual responses to cannabis vary significantly. These findings do not guarantee similar results for any individual.
Study data sourced from PubMed®. Not evaluated by the FDA. See our Research Content Policy.
Migraines affect approximately 39 million Americans, causing severe throbbing headaches often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light and sound. Attacks can last hours to days and significantly impact quality of life, relationships, and work productivity. Migraines are more than just headaches—they're a neurological condition involving changes in brain chemistry and electrical activity. Many sufferers experience warning signs (prodrome or aura) before the headache phase, and recovery (postdrome) can leave patients feeling drained for days. Standard treatments include acute medications (triptans, NSAIDs, and newer gepants/ditans) taken during attacks, and preventive medications (beta-blockers, anticonvulsants, CGRP inhibitors, Botox) for frequent sufferers. Many patients find these treatments only partially effective, expensive, or burdened with side effects—driving interest in cannabis as an alternative or complement.
The endocannabinoid system may play a role in migraine pathophysiology. Some researchers theorize that "Clinical Endocannabinoid Deficiency" contributes to migraines, potentially explaining why cannabis helps some sufferers. THC's pain-modulating effects work through CB1 receptors in brain regions involved in pain processing. For migraines, cannabis may reduce the headache intensity, help with associated nausea, and potentially abort developing attacks when used early. Cannabis may also help with migraine triggers and comorbidities. Sleep problems, anxiety, and muscle tension can all trigger migraines—and cannabis may address these underlying factors. Some patients use cannabis as a preventive rather than just for acute attacks. However, cannabis also has risks for migraine patients. Rebound headaches (medication overuse headaches) can occur with any acute pain treatment used too frequently, and cannabis withdrawal can trigger migraines in regular users.
Note: This information summarizes research findings and is not medical advice. Consult a healthcare provider before using cannabis for any medical condition.
Based on our analysis of peer-reviewed studies on cannabis and migraine:
Based on research, these cannabinoids show the most promise for migraine:
Combination products may address both pain (THC) and nausea (both), while CBD moderates THC side effects. Many migraine patients prefer balanced products, especially for preventive use.
THC has stronger pain-relieving effects for acute attacks. Inhaled THC works fastest for developing migraines. However, frequent use risks medication overuse headache.
CBD alone may help with migraine prevention or for patients who cannot tolerate THC. Evidence is weaker than for THC, but some patients report benefit, particularly for tension/stress-related migraines.
Individual responses vary. Work with a healthcare provider to determine the best approach for your situation.
For acute migraines, timing is critical—treating early in an attack is more effective. Inhaled cannabis (vaporized) provides fastest relief, usually within 15-30 minutes. Edibles take too long (1-2 hours) for acute treatment. For prevention, consistent daily dosing with oral products may help reduce attack frequency. The 2016 study showing reduced migraine frequency used various forms at patient-determined doses. Start low—migraine patients often have heightened sensitivity during attacks. Too much cannabis can worsen nausea or cause dizziness. A small dose of inhaled THC (1-2 puffs) is often sufficient for acute use. Limit acute cannabis use to 10-15 days per month maximum to avoid medication overuse headache, the same recommendation given for other acute migraine treatments.
Dosing information is based on clinical research and is for educational purposes only. Optimal dosing varies by individual, product formulation, and administration method. Always start with the lowest effective dose and titrate slowly under medical supervision.
When considering cannabis for migraine, be aware of these potential concerns:
Discuss these considerations with your healthcare provider before starting cannabis therapy.
A 2016 study found migraine frequency dropped from 10.4 to 4.6 headaches per month with medical cannabis. 40% of patients reported positive effects, and 12% experienced complete cessation. However, controlled trial data is limited.
Source: Rhyne et al., Pharmacotherapy, 2016 (PMID: 26749285)
A 2019 study found inhaled cannabis reduced headache severity by 50% within 2 hours in nearly half of users. Inhaled cannabis works faster than edibles for acute attacks, similar to quick-acting migraine medications.
Source: Cuttler et al., Journal of Pain, 2019 (PMID: 31715263)
A 2016 retrospective study found monthly migraine frequency dropped from 10.4 to 4.6 with regular medical cannabis use. This suggests cannabis may help prevent migraines, though controlled prevention trials are needed.
Source: Rhyne et al., Pharmacotherapy, 2016 (PMID: 26749285)
For acute attacks, inhaled cannabis (vaporized) provides fastest relief—usually within 15-30 minutes. Edibles take 1-2 hours, too slow for acute treatment. For prevention, oral products used daily may reduce attack frequency.
Source: Observational data from multiple studies
Common questions about cannabis for migraine:
This 2023 review of 77 articles concludes that medical cannabis provides adequate pain management for chronic nonmalignant pain. THC and CBD work through the endocannabinoid system to reduce pain perception and symptom frequency.
Migraine patients using medical cannabis saw their monthly headache frequency drop from 10.4 to 4.6—a reduction of more than half—with 40% reporting at least 50% fewer migraines.
Our reviews are just a starting point. Browse thousands more studies on PubMed for migraine.
Migraines or severe/chronic headaches qualify in many states, sometimes explicitly listed and sometimes under chronic pain categories. Some states require migraines to be "intractable" or resistant to standard treatments. Documentation of diagnosis and treatment history is typically required.
Research Summary Disclaimer
This content represents our interpretation of published scientific research for educational purposes. It should not be used to make treatment decisions without consulting a qualified healthcare provider. Individual results may vary from study findings.
FDA Notice
These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. Cannabis is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. The FDA has not approved cannabis for any medical condition except specific prescription medications.
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