Ohio Marijuana Laws & Regulations 2026
Ohio has both a medical marijuana program and adult-use (recreational) cannabis program. Understanding the legal framework is essential for patients, consumers, and caregivers. This guide covers the key laws, regulations, and requirements as of December 2025.
Legal Framework Overview
Ohio's cannabis laws are governed by two main chapters of the Ohio Revised Code:
- Ohio Revised Code Chapter 3796 - Medical Marijuana Control Program (established by House Bill 523, signed September 8, 2016)
- Ohio Revised Code Chapter 3780 - Adult Use Cannabis Control (enacted by voter-approved Issue 2, effective December 7, 2023)
Is Marijuana Legal in Ohio?
Medical Marijuana: Legal since 2016 under House Bill 523. Patients with qualifying conditions can obtain medical marijuana from licensed dispensaries.
Adult-Use (Recreational): Legal since December 7, 2023 under Issue 2. Adults 21 and older can purchase and possess cannabis from licensed dispensaries.
Ohio Medical Marijuana Program
The Ohio Medical Marijuana Control Program is administered by the Division of Cannabis Control under the Ohio Department of Commerce and the State Board of Pharmacy.
Patient Requirements
- Must have a qualifying medical condition diagnosed by a certified physician
- Must be an Ohio resident
- Must register with the State Board of Pharmacy's patient registry
- Patients under 18 must have a designated caregiver
Possession Limits for Medical Patients
- Up to a 90-day supply as determined by form and THC content
- Specific amounts vary by product type (flower, edibles, oils, etc.)
Ohio Adult-Use Cannabis Program
Under Issue 2 (Ohio Revised Code Chapter 3780), adults 21 and older may:
Legal Possession Amounts (Age 21+)
- Personal Possession: Up to 2.5 ounces of cannabis flower
- At Home: Up to 15 grams of cannabis extract
- Home Cultivation: Up to 6 plants per person, maximum 12 plants per household
Where You Can Purchase
- Licensed adult-use dispensaries
- Medical dispensaries with dual-use licenses
Consumption Laws
Where You CAN Use Cannabis
- Private residences
- Designated consumption areas at licensed establishments (where available)
Where You CANNOT Use Cannabis
- Public places
- Vehicles (even as a passenger)
- Federal property
- Schools and universities
- Near minors
- Workplaces (unless employer permits)
Driving Under the Influence
Driving while impaired by cannabis is illegal under Ohio Revised Code Section 4511.19. Ohio has per se limits for THC:
- 2 nanograms per milliliter of blood, OR
- 10 nanograms per milliliter of urine
Penalties for OVI (Operating a Vehicle Impaired) include:
- First offense: Up to 180 days in jail, fines up to $1,075, license suspension up to 3 years
- Repeat offenses: Mandatory jail time, higher fines, longer suspensions
Home Cultivation Rules (Adult-Use)
Under Issue 2, adults 21+ may grow cannabis at home:
- Maximum 6 plants per adult
- Maximum 12 plants per household
- Plants must be kept in an enclosed, locked space
- Plants must not be visible from public areas
- Cannot sell or distribute home-grown cannabis
Note: Medical patients cannot grow cannabis at home under the medical program—home cultivation is only permitted under the adult-use law.
Penalties for Violations
Possession Over Legal Limits (Non-Medical)
Per Ohio Revised Code Section 2925.11:
- Under 100 grams: Minor misdemeanor, up to $150 fine
- 100-200 grams: Misdemeanor, up to 30 days jail, $250 fine
- 200-1,000 grams: Felony 5th degree, 6-12 months, up to $2,500 fine
- Over 1,000 grams: Felony 3rd degree, up to 5 years, up to $10,000 fine
Distribution/Sale Without License
- Penalties range from misdemeanor to felony depending on amount
- Enhanced penalties near schools, parks, or involving minors
- Can include significant prison time and fines
Employment and Drug Testing
Ohio law does NOT protect employees from termination for cannabis use. Employers may:
- Maintain drug-free workplace policies
- Conduct pre-employment and random drug testing
- Take disciplinary action for positive tests
- Refuse to hire based on positive drug tests
However, employers cannot discriminate against someone solely for being a registered medical marijuana patient if they are not impaired at work.
Federal Property and Interstate Transport
Cannabis remains illegal under federal law (Schedule I controlled substance). This means:
- Using or possessing cannabis on federal property (including national parks, federal buildings) is a federal crime
- Transporting cannabis across state lines is a federal crime, even between two legal states
- Federal employees may face termination for cannabis use
Local Regulations
Ohio municipalities may:
- Regulate the location of cannabis businesses
- Set operating hours for dispensaries
- Implement local licensing requirements
- Prohibit or limit the number of cannabis businesses
Always check local ordinances in your city or county.
Recent Legislative Updates (2023-2026)
- Issue 2 Passed (November 2023): Legalized adult-use cannabis, effective December 7, 2023
- House Bill 33 (October 2023): Updated medical marijuana program administration
- Senate Bill 288 (2024): Made modifications to Issue 2, including changes to:
- Tax rates
- Licensing procedures
- Municipal opt-out provisions
Regulatory Agencies
- Division of Cannabis Control - Licenses cultivators, processors, and testing labs
- State Board of Pharmacy - Patient/caregiver registry, dispensa ry licensing
- Ohio Medical Marijuana Control Program - Patient resources and information
Tax Benefits of Medical Cards
Even with adult-use legalization, a medical card offers benefits:
- Lower tax rates: Medical purchases may have lower tax rates than recreational
- Higher possession limits: 90-day supply vs. 2.5 ounces
- Age: Patients 18+ can qualify (vs. 21+ for recreational)
- Product access: Some medical-only products and higher potency options